Introduction

The LM393 op-amp, a precision advancement in signal processing, amplifies, compares, and fine-tunes signals with remarkable accuracy. Its versatile nature as a differential amplifier accepts dual input signals and produces a related output, making it crucial for boosting delicate signals to usable levels.

LM393 op-amp

LM393 op-amp is vital in electronics, known as "op-amp." It's pivotal in amplifying, comparing, and modulating signals with precision. In Sound Detection Sensor, LM393 acts as a voltage comparator.

LM393 Pinout and Functions

Here are the functions of the different pins of the LM393 op-amp;

1. V- (GND): The ground or negative power supply connection is made using this terminal.
2. The positive power supply terminal, or V+ (VCC), delivers the required voltage.
3. Vout: The output terminal presenting the comparison outcome.
4. Input (-): The voltage comparison process uses this inverting input terminal as one of the inputs.
5. Input (+): The second input used for voltage comparison is the non-inverting input terminal.

Given that the LM393 is a dual comparator IC, the second comparator's pin configuration is identical:

1. V- (GND): The second comparator's ground or negative power supply terminal.
2. V+ (VCC): The second comparator's positive power supply terminal.
3. Vout: The second comparator's output terminal.
4. Input (-): The second comparator's input terminal is inverted.

Non-inverting input for the input

Arduino Sound detection sensor using the LM393 IC

The Sound Detection Sensor Module detects sound through a microphone and LM393 op-amp, determining sound levels with an adjustable potentiometer. Connect its output to a microcontroller's corresponding pin, with 5V and GND connected to VCC and GND. LED signals surpassing preset sound level.

The Sound Detection Sensor Module's characteristics and specifications are as follows:

• 3.3V to 5V DC is the recommended operating voltage range.
• Equipped with a pre-set threshold and an LM393 Comparator
• Compact PCB Size: 3.4 cm by 1.6 cm
• Up to 0.5-meter detection range
• 4–5 mA is the efficient operating current.
• 52 to 48 dB of microphone sensitivity at 1 kHz

The Sensor Requirements

1. D1, D2 2 LED LED_Small LED_SMD:LED_1206_3216Metric Light emitting diode, small symbol
2. J1 1 Screw_Terminal_01x04 Screw_Terminal_01x04 Connector_PinHeader_2.54mm:PinHeader_1x04_P2.54mm_Horizontal Generic screw terminal, single row, 01x04, script generated (kicad-library-utils/schlib/autogen/connector/)
3. MK1 1 AOM-6738P-R AOM-6738P-R AOM-6738P-R:MIC_AOM-6738P-R
4. R1 1 150R R_Small_US Resistor_SMD:R_1206_3216Metric Resistor, small US symbol
5. R2, R3 2 100k R_Small_US Resistor_SMD:R_1206_3216Metric Resistor, small US symbol
6. R4, R5 2 10k R_Small_US Resistor_SMD:R_1206_3216Metric Resistor, small US symbol
7. R6 1 1k R_Small_US Resistor_SMD:R_1206_3216Metric Resistor, small US symbol
8. RV1 1 10k R_Potentiometer_Small Potentiometer_THT:Potentiometer_Bourns_3296W_Vertical Potentiometer
9. U1 1 LM393 LM393_1 Package_TO_SOT_SMD:SC-70-8 Low-Power, Low-Offset Voltage, Dual Comparators, DIP-8/SOIC-8/TO-99-8

The Schematic was Prepared through KiCAD.

LM393 IC

Within the setup of the LM393 IC, Pin 2 of the LM393 is linked to a 10KΩ Potentiometer (Preset), while Pin 3 is connected to the microphone. The comparator IC scrutinizes the threshold voltage established through the potentiometer (Pin 2) in conjunction with the signal received from the microphone (Pin 3).

Microphone.

The sound sensor module uses a microphone to pick up sound, which is then sent to the LM393 IC.

Preset (trimmer pot).

Tune the sensitivity via the built-in preset of the Sound Detection Sensor Module. Connecting its Analog/Digital Output pin to the microcontroller's counterpart pin enables easy integration. Link the microcontroller's 5V and GND pins to the VCC and GND pins. An exceeding preset sound level triggers the LED and switches the output to a low state.

Applications of the LM393 op-amp.

• audio devices
• Telephones
• Recorders for tapes and karaoke
• Recording and live audio engineering
• Broadcasting on the radio and television
•  Using speech recognition software

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