pcb making machine is a mechanical and electrical, software, hardware, combined with each other high-tech products. As circuit board production tool that can take advantage of the physical engraving process , controlled by a computer program , put in a blank CCL unnecessary copper foil mill to form a user-defined custom circuit boards.
Domestic and foreign technical background
PCB making machine is a mechanical and electrical, software, hardware, combined with each other high-tech products. It uses physical engraving process , controlled by computer , on a blank CCL milling the unnecessary copper foil to form a user-defined custom circuit boards. Taiwan Wo Yu, wisdom, Rong Yao and other companies have products in the domestic market , but due to high prices, using complicated process and other reasons, has not been large scale. Domestically, more than a dozen advertising engraving machine factory production, but no one specializing in the production of circuit boards dedicated software packages , most machines can only fit in the advertising industry . While some claim that the machine can engrave PCB board, but need to go through three to four software conversion, resulting in greater accuracy, loss of time and materials, as well as unnecessary trouble in transfer process. In 2001 we began to work on a variety of engraving machine principle and PCB software in-depth research, the development of a professional independent property rights PCB production system. According to the actual situation, the highest rates of domestic PROTEL compatible software , the direct use PROTEL PCB document information transfer process in the case without any direct output engraving data through custom data format control production machine to do carving, drilling , trimming work .
Production Method Status
An electronic product development will inevitably have to go through the circuit board (PCB board ) of the trial process , the most common method is to design a good PCB files directly to a professional factory production line , circuit board called this process the " proofing ", usually this process to go through three days to a week when asked. Because the questionnaire is the product 's life when the product development process , a product development process through at least three or five times, ten times as many modifications so that developers can not tolerate too much waiting , so the laboratory environment developers through the various kinds of methods to achieve rapid system board . The main physical and chemical methods .
Physical methods : by using a variety of tools and power tools , etc. , do not need to manually put the circuit board copper engraved go . This method is laborious and low accuracy , only a relatively very simple lines it may be used.
Chemical: by a protective layer covering the blank CCL, where the caustic solution to remove unnecessary copper etched , the method is currently used by most developers . Protective layer covering a variety of methods , mainly the traditional hand painted depiction party custom stickers pasted method , film and photographic methods PCB board thermal transfer printing method was developed in recent years .
Manual scan paint: the paint with a brush or a hard brush CCL hand-painted on a blank line shape , can be placed inside the drying solution corrosion.
Pasting stickers : There are a variety of bars and round stickers are made of sheet , a blank circuit board according to need different combinations of stickers, can rot the stick tight.
Photographic film : the PCB printed circuit board diagram on film by a laser printer , pre- coated with a layer of photosensitive material on a blank CCL ( CCL commercially coated good sell ) , exposure in the darkroom environment, developing, fixing , washing immediately after corrosion in solution .
Sublimation : by thermal transfer printers to print blank lines directly on the circuit board , and then into the etch solution .
Physical and chemical production method Method Comparison
From the aspect of the finished plate adhesion to compare :
Because chemical etching entire board must be soaked in the solution corrosion, must be cleaned and dried after etching . In this process, the board after a hot and cold , wet one thousand , significantly affect the adhesion of the copper , the experiment may be due to the commissioning process to replace the electronic originals of different parameters cause copper peel off. So physically carved in the mass ratio of the finished product
Chemical etching is good.
From the line-edge aspects of comparison:
Physical carved out lines boast trapezoid cross-section , the same angle knife edge angle and good linearity . Chemical methods can be seen under a microscope to see succeed inverted trapezoidal lines , irregular edges.
From the comparison operation process :
Physical methods because all processes are manual , labor intensive , and because of staffing stabilizing factor , it is impossible to achieve high-precision circuit boards. In addition , there are unrecoverable , the entire operation must be careful , accidentally cut off the engraved lines should not all have to be repeated . Relatively speaking, the operation is much more simple chemical method . In addition to hand- paint method described in recent years, few people have been using , the other in various ways is the current mainstream handmade plate. Laser printers are more price sensitive plate method makes most people willing to adopt . The pursuit of quality units even with a valuable thermal transfer printer to print directly to the circuit board .
Use circuit board production machine
1 . Export files from pcb board drawing software (*. Pcb).
2 Open the system board systems , the need to open the file system board (*. Pcb). Open the top of the display map, election into the bottom of Fig .
3 Set the software.
a) Select the tool size ; smaller size , the board engraving machine engraving the finer lines .
b) Select the communications port ; usually a serial port .
4 . Loaded Bonded Copper . Sure to flatten the board . ( In order to ensure smooth board , you can make more use of some of the double-sided adhesive fixed )
5 . Loaded knife . ( Screwdriver knife is outside the hexagon ; has two opposite screws on the spindle motor mounted knife holes ) .
6 power and adjust the position of the spindle motor engraving from the PC system board machine system.
a) After the plate is automatically switched out of the window at a distance ( distance uncertain, sometimes this step would be a mistake, re-boot until the motor if an error occurs , turn off the power and pushed back plate automatically stop running ) .
b) the speed of the scroll bar to adjust the carving , it is located in the center-right point position ( fast trimming back will be difficult to control ) .
c) to adjust the position of the spindle motor from carving . Click the Output Options , and set the x, y coordinates ( generally X is positive , Y is negative ) , the coordinates of each update , the re-election of the board layer plate ( equivalent to refresh the specific board type does not matter ) , and fill the decline in the value of the tool Z ( best when carving changed back to the default ) .
Drop location tool tips: tip off about two sheets thick plate . Engraving machine can use the knob on the fine-tuning.
7 open spindle power ( the power is turned on at the board prevent uneven , causing tool breakage ) , according to circuit board production machine test button to determine eagle carved from the starting position of the spindle motor can complete engraving pcb.
8 Press the button engraving system , uniform fine-tuning knob to adjust the engraving machine, so that the tool can be carved to the copper . This step should be very careful not to cut too deep nor too shallow . When carving is best to monitor the entire process , adjusting the relative distance between props and board . Such carved out of the pcb board to look good, easy to use.
9 hole:
a) After carving finished plate , switch off the spindle , you can not turn off the power switch.
b) the rise knives certain height , to be able to change the drill . ( You can manually adjust , can also be controlled via the drop -liter Z Software Z)
c) the chisel to remove , replace the drill bit.
d) decrease the appropriate height , first open the spindle switch, then the speed of adjustment to a lower position ( fast easily damaged drill bit ) and set the correct aperture and Z lift value ( slightly larger than the default value is recommended ) and press the system software drilling button option can not be changed after the same system .
e) drilled hole after switching off the spindle , the tool is raised to a certain height , to remove the drill bit can be.
10 In other knife- edge ( this step can be omitted because it has carved a rough cut )
a) choose a more blunt knife to cut edges. Plate from the knife drop position about two thick sheets . Carving knife test run to see whether the location is correct.
b) Open the spindle switch and click on the button and adjust the cutting edge of the tool is dropped tuning knob on the right from the system . Note that the knife does not fall too close to the board or off-board , otherwise it will cut the line .
11 After the first off the spindle switch off the power switch. Wash the top of the double-sided adhesive board . Note: Before installing Bonded Copper Step 4 must assess good plate size.
A variety of problems in the system board methods
Hand- labor intensive method is the most important shortcomings, but accuracy is not easy to control , fewer people have been using . Here we focus on the most widely used chemical etching problem.
a. Accuracy depends on the accuracy of the print cartridges used in printers , printer to print out almost uneven lines of the corrosion process is likely to cause breakage , adhesions.
b. Board feel difficult to control exposure and development time , and different optimum exposure time for each batch of plates , need to go through repeated testing .
c. High corrosion process difficult to control . Unlike mass-produced single -corrosion , temperature of the solution , concentration, pH affect the quality of corrosion , do you want a piece of circuit board , there must be many times the accumulated experience. Otherwise, a lot of scrap material .
d. Photographic plate must be in full black low temperature preservation , the exposure process must also be in the darkroom conditions .
e. Silver ( photosensitive material ) and copper ( corrosion products ) are toxic , corrosive processes in operation to be careful , after etching waste disposal problems.
f. Finished board is difficult to control manually punching accuracy.
Development of significance
Because so much trouble making the PCB , electronic circuit designers and can not face it. All electronic circuits implementation process can not escape slab experiment this process. Especially for inexperienced beginners and some electronic circuit design engineers, often due to PCB board and give a good design inspiration. Domestic universities and electronic professional technical schools , vocational schools, training centers for military and civilian personnel , but also due to the PCB board and give experimental courses , resulting in a lack of student interest in learning in the learning process , there is no ability after graduation , to learn to not consolidate knowledge , there are not even connected to the drawing board . This is the universal development of China's electronics industry culture and electronic technology , electronic talent quite negative . Although the foreign circuit board production machine has entered the domestic market, high prices make the current lack of funding for schools and the fledgling Chinese electronics industry is difficult to accept . Domestic electronics industry urgently needed an efficient, automated , simple, low-cost circuit board production machine .
Development of ideas
From the above we can see that the physical process of making use of PCB board with high adhesion and good edge quality , we found that after a period of time to explore the application of modern CNC technology to control precise movement of the tool , the tool through the high-speed circuit board blank cutting , can produce fine PCB board. Also, precise movement of the machine can be used by the program control PCB design requirements drilled holes found in the corresponding position.
Precautions
1, select the tool ;
Tool selection can be based on the "minimum width " minimum line spacing " to choose, after opening the file and select direct preview a tip carving effect , that in the case of the lines do not cause errors can be the better adhesion of the tip , the tip the larger sculpture faster ; case of thicker lines ) and the lines do not cause adhesions, such as:
Software selectable on the tip line at 0.36 and does not cause adhesion, then the actual tip optional 0.38 ; 8
Another example :
① Select the tip on the software for more than 0.18 less than 0.25 , then the actual tip are selected 0.18 ;
② Select the tip on the software for more than 0.25 less than 0.38 , then the actual tip are selected 0.25 ; .. , . ;
③ tip in the software selection may be greater than 0.38 less than 0.50 , then the actual tip are selected 0.38 ; .. , . ;
④ tip in the software selection may be greater than 0.50 , then the software to be chosen close to 0.50 or 0.50 , the actual tip are selected 0.50 ; . , .. , . ;
2 , adjust the speed of engraving ;
Select the engraving speed can be based on the minimum line width and the appropriate tool selection ; choose engraving speed can be selected according to the minimum line width and the right tools ; smaller lines ( or less ) should be selected in a slow to medium speed or carving ; the installation of the nose are small, if the choice of fast carving, such as:
① smaller lines (12mil or 12mil or less ) should be selected in a slow to medium speed or carving ; ( installed on the tip are small, if the choice of fast carving, because the speed is too fast , it is easy to tip off , and selected medium speed or in slow carving, engraving speed more slowly and evenly , so the tip is not easy to break ;)
② thicker lines ( 0.5 or greater ) can be selected in fast or fast just for carving ; ( tip installed 0.38 or greater [ 0.5 ] and lines are thicker, so , you can use a faster speed carving ;)
3, the matter must be noted that when the sculpture ;
① prohibited carving off the output window, if need to adjust the height of the sculpture carved halfway , available on the machine panel " spinner " adjustment must not close the output window , because I turned off the machine may cause random work, or even damage the tool or spindle motor , do not mess again ;
② form good habits, confirmation before opening the main power spindle motor is turned off , when you turn off the main power supply , the first spindle motor power is off ; sure to tighten the screws when mounted cutter or drill ;
③ must be tightened when loading tool or drill screws ; hours and hours later , turn off the main power supply , cooling can open the door to work again after half an hour ;
④ The machine is not more than six hours of continuous work , more than six hours later , turn off the main power , open the door and then heat for half an hour after work ;
⑤ After the completion of the circuit board engraving , please double-sided adhesive countertops and clean up debris , to avoid leaving residue remarkable sculpture shadow effects to remain flat next use.
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