About PCBway Since 2003 PCBWAY has been the leading PCB quick turn manufacturer specializing in both Prototype and Production quantities, Initially produced single-sided and double-sided printed circuit boards for the consumer electronics market. PCBWAY is ranked among the top 4 board fabricators in asia and is well-known for its expedited turn time capabilities and its reliable best on-time shipping record. Today, we have over 450 operators with high modern facilities to manufacture multi-layer PCB up to 12 layers. Backing up with a group of professional engineers, and well established quality system. PCBWay has grown to become a major PCB manufacturer in Asia to serve in diverse customers base such as electronics appliance, communication, educational electronics, power supplies, Automationsetc. Our mission is to become one of leading PCB manufacturer that provide in high quality product with total customer satisfaction. For more information about PCB, or to learn more about the online quote and ordering process, please visit //www.PCBway.com.
A printed circuit board (PCB) mechanically supports and electrically connects electronic components using conductive tracks, pads and other features etched from copper sheets laminated onto a non-conductive substrate. PCB's can be single sided (one copper layer), double sided (two copper layers) or multi-layer. Conductor on different layers are connected with plated-through holes called vias. Advanced PCB's may contain components - capacitors, resistors or active devices - embedded in the substrate.
circuit board are: the name of the circuit board, PCB board, aluminum plate, high-frequency boards, PCB, ultrathin circuit boards, ultrathin circuit boards, printing circuit board copper etching technology, etc. Circuit board making mini circuit, intuitive, for fixed batch production and optimization of the circuit in electrical layout plays an important role.
Homemade process
Will draw good printed circuit board with transfer paper, pay attention to the slippery side facing you, general print two circuit boards, that is a piece of paper to print two circuit boards. In selecting the best printing effect production circuit board.
Cutting copper clad
Over the plate production circuit board diagram. Copper clad, that is, both sides have a copper film circuit board, the size of the sheet cutting into circuit board, don't be too big, to save material.
Pretreatment of copper clad
Oxide layer on the surface of the copper clad with fine sand paper burnish drops, in order to make sure the transfer printing circuit board, thermal transfer paper carbon powder can firm on copper clad, grinding is a good standard panel light, there is no obvious stain.
Transfer printing circuit board
Printed circuit board cut into appropriate size, stick one side of the printed circuit board on the copper clad, alignment after put copper clad in thermal transfer machines, make sure transfer paper no dislocation. In general after 2-3 times transfer printing, circuit board can be very strong transfer printing on the sheet. Thermal transfer machine preheating, pre-existing temperature setting in 160-200 degrees Celsius, because of the high temperature, operation attention to safety!
Corrosion of circuit board
First check whether the circuit board transfer is complete, if there are a few not transfer good place you can use black oily pen repair. Then can corrosion, such as circuit board exposed copper film on the corroded off in full, circuit board from the corrosive liquid to clean clean, such a circuit board is good corrosion. Corrosion liquid ingredients for strong hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide, and water, ratio of syntactic sugar for 1:2:3, when mixed corrosion liquid, water first, again add concentrated hydrochloric acid, hydrogen peroxide, if the operation is concentrated hydrochloric acid, hydrogen peroxide or corrosion solution accidentally splashed on the skin or the clothes to wash immediately with water, because you want to use the corrosive solution, operation must pay attention to safety!
PCB drilling
Is to insert the electronic components on the circuit board, so the PCB drilling. Based on electronic component pin thickness choose different holing needle, when using drilling rig, circuit board must be according to the stability, drill speed cannot open slowly, please see the operator operation.
PCB pretreatment
After drilling, covered with fine sand paper toner burnish drops on the circuit board, circuit board clean with clear water. Water after dry, coated on one side of the circuitry with rosin water, to accelerate the coagulation rosin, we use hot fan heating circuit board, only 2-3 minutes rosin can be set.
Make your own board
Method 1:
1. To apply the copper plate and cutting into circuit diagram required size. 2. Put the stencil plate, pen will circuit diagram according to 1:1 on wax paper, and the circuit diagram according to the size of the circuit board inscribed on the stencil cut out, cut the stencil on the printed coated copper. Take a small amount of paint and talcum powder into thin thick suitable printing material, use brush dips in printed material, evenly apply onto the stencil, repeated several times, PCB printed circuit. This stereotype can be repeatedly used, suitable for small batch production. (3) with potassium chlorate 1 g, 40 ml concentration 15% hydrochloric acid mixture proportion of corrosive liquid, with corrosion of corrosion on the circuit board to place. 4. Corrosion good PCB repeatedly with water to clean. With banana oil wipe off paint, clean a few times again, make the PCB clean, no corrosion fluid. With a layer of rosin solution after being dry drilling.
Method 2:
A lot of methods under the condition of amateur production of PCB, but it is not time-consuming, "process" is complex, or quality. And I make a printing plate is belong to the comprehensive effect is good, as follows: 1. The system board. The figure of the bonding pad with dots, said attachment walk single wire can, but the location, size must be accurate. 2. According to size of board diagram, the system board is good, do a good job in the copper foil surface clean. 3. Use carbon paper copy figure on the board, if the circuit is relatively simple, and producers have certain experience in plate, this step can be omitted. 4. According to the actual circumstances of the component object, paste the standard of different diameter pre-cut symbols (pad); And then depending on the current size, paste the different width of the tape line. For a standard pre-cut symbols and tape, electronic stores. Commonly used specifications have D373 pre-cut symbols (0-2.79 d, ID - 2.79), D266 (0-2.00 d, ID - 2.00), D237 (OD 3.50, ID - 3.50), such as best buy paper base material (black), as far as possible need not plastic base (red) materials. Tape commonly used specifications are 0.3, 0.9, 1.8, 2.3, 3.7, etc. Units are in millimeters. 5. Using a soft little hammer, such as smooth tapping: rubber, plastic, etc, to that of the copper foil adhesive. Focus on line is turning, take it. The day is cold, had better use heaters make surface heating in order to strengthen the adhesion effect. 6. In the ferric chloride corrosion, but note that the liquid temperature is not higher than 40 degrees. After the corrosion shall timely take out is rinsed clean, especially with thin lines. Drilling, with a fine sandpaper bright copper foil, coated with rosin alcohol solution, the finished dry. The quality of this PCB is very close to the normal PCB. Between 0.3 mm tape in the IC feet across, can greatly reduce look the short jumper wire to save trouble, save time. This method is commonly used in myself in the work to do the experiment board or a small amount of product.
Method 3:
Will color chip (i.e., shellac, chemical raw materials store stores), dissolved in three copies of anhydrous alcohol, and proper stirring, for all its dissolves, drop a few drops on medical crystal violet (gentian violet), make it present a certain color, stir well, as to protect the paint can be used to describe circuit board.
Apply polish copper plate with fine sand paper first, and then use the drawing pen drawing instrument (or ink drawing pen used to draw graphics on compass), paints, adjust the stroke weight of nut drawing pen, the stroke weight is adjustable, and can borrow ruler, set square depicts a very fine line, and as the line is smooth, uniform, margin serrate, give a person the sense with smooth and fluent; At the same time, also can be in circuit board free write Chinese characters, pinyin, English or symbol.
If paint line, into the surrounding infiltration, concentration is too small, can add a little color chip; If not KaiBi, is too thick, need on drop a few drops of anhydrous alcohol. One thousand stroke is wrong it doesn't matter, as long as with a small stick (match), do a little cotton swabs, dip in on a little anhydrous alcohol, can be easily erased, and paint again. Once the PCB figure painting, corrosion in the ferric chloride solution. Circuit board after corrosion, to paint very convenient also, dip in with cotton ball in the anhydrous alcohol, can protect the paint rub out, just a dry, can be painted with rosin water use.
Due to alcohol evaporate quickly, make good protection paint should be placed in small bottle, such as the ink bottle seal save, don't forget to cover the cap after using it, if the next time when using, found that the concentration of thicken, just add a moderate amount of anhydrous alcohol.
Method 4:
Stuck post-it note on the application of copper copper foil, and then draw good circuit on the face, reoccupy kedao carve the cover layer, forming circuit, jie without circuit part with ferric chloride corrosion finally or current electrolysis method can produce ideal circuit board.
Corrosion can be, at about 55 temperature corrosion speed faster. Corrosion good circuit board rinse off with clear water, electricity is uncovered the post-it note on the road, playing well hole, clean with rosin alcohol solution for use.
Method 5:
1. According to the shape of the components of the used in the circuit principle diagram and the density of the size of the printing plate area of reasonable arrangement of components and the position of each element. Determine element position should be in accordance with the first small, big local principles, after the overall first adjacent components in the circuit came to the place and order.
2. All the components the connection between the wire and the two lines intersect at the corner can't turn right, you must use transition curve, can't cross each other and circuitous too far. When some conductor is really can't do it, can consider to print on the opposite side of the printing plate conductor, reoccupy nail with positive connections, or alternatively use insulated wire connection when welded components.
3. The input and output part distance some as well, so as not to interfere with each other.
Method 6:
Radio enthusiasts for making circuit boards. Now to introduce you to a kind of "the printing" rule of law as a printed circuit board. Method is as follows:
A, the printer will figure according to the proportion of 1:1 print circuit board on the 80 g copy paper. Hand-painted can also, but the bottom paper to level off.
B, Find a fax machine, fax machine in the paper, with hot melt plastic film (available) of the company. Put circuit diagram in the machine entrance, the use of fax copy keys, copies the circuit diagram on the hot melt plastic membrane. Then printed circuit board printing design is ready.
C, use double-sided adhesive tape paper will flush out the plastic membrane applied evenly on the copper plate. Attention to level off, not wrinkle, melt adhesive paper cannot cover the part, otherwise affect PCB production effect.
D, with a paint brush paint brush equably on the plastic film, note: not reciprocating to brush, brush can in turn down a direction, otherwise with plastic membrane wrinkled, overlapping lines will appear on the copper plate. For circuit diagrams are all brush again, carefully will remove the plastic film. Then a piece of printing circuit board is good. After being dried, can be eroded.
If you want to print more than, can do a bigger than a circuit board of the wooden frame, the screen (the company have a screen to sell) evenly apply on the wooden frame, fixed well. Then use double-sided adhesive tape paper will set a shadow under the plastic film on the screen. Will apply the COINS on the table, close the screen frame (printing graph and apply some COINS to alignment), with a paint brush QiShun a good direction, in turn, brush, remove the rack. Printed circuit board is printed. If there are any defects, available paint and a modification of the bamboo.
Must pay attention to the above process, paint, hand the strength should be proper weight, heavy, paint film is too thick line run lace, too light line will be disconnected. Do we have to face the plastic film.
Industrial process
Double tin plate/heavy gold plate production process:
Board Cutting------drill hole ------Heavy copper ------ line ------ figure ------ etching ------ Resistance welding ------character ------ tin (or a heavy gold) ------gong side ------ V cut (some plate don't need to) ------ fly test ------Vacuum packing
Double-sided gilded plate production process:
Board Cutting------drill hole ------Heavy copper ------ line ------ figure ------overgild ------ etching ------ Resistance welding ------character ------gong side ------ V cut ------ fly test ------Vacuum packing
Multilayer tin plate/heavy gold plate production process:
Board Cutting ------The inner ------ laminated------drill hole ------Heavy copper ------ line ------ figure ------ etching ------ Resistance welding ------character ------ tin (or a heavy gold) ------gong side ------ V cut (some plate don't need to) ------ fly test ------Vacuum packing
A multilayer gilded plate production process:
Board Cutting ------The inner ------ laminated------drill hole ------Heavy copper ------ line ------ figure ------overgild ------ etching ------ Resistance welding ------character ------gong side ------ V cut ------ fly test ------Vacuum packing
Profile control system processes
1, the demolition of the original device.
2, the original plate scanning, get the graphics file.
3, grinding surface layer, middle layer.
4, the middle layer will scan and get the graphics file.
5, repeat steps 2 to 4, until all the layers are processed.
6, using special software to graphics file is converted to electrical relationship - PCB figure. If you have the right software, designers need to trace the graphics again.
7, check, complete design.
Page layout
Layout design matters that should be paid attention to detail is as follows:
Single panel:
Under the condition of low cost requirement usually use this type of panel. In layout, sometimes need the jumper components or to skip the walk line of circuit board. If the quantity is too much, you should consider using double panel.
Double panel:
Double panel can be used to also can not use PTH. Because of PTH boards are expensive, as the complexity of the circuit and density will only be used when needed. In layout design, the components of the must maintain a minimum number of wires to ensure easy access to the required material.
In PTH boards, plated through hole for electrical connections, not only for the installation of components. For reasons of economy and reliability, the number of holes should be kept to a minimum.
Choose single panel and double panel, it is important to consider the components of the surface area (C), and the ratio of the area of the printed circuit board (S) for an appropriate constant proportion, it is useful for the installation of the components. It is worth noting that the US "usually refers to the area of the side panel. Table 3-2 lists the most commonly used printed circuit board S: C ratio range.
To make content
Introduction
Circuit board production need bonding pad diameter and maximum width of the wire relations, in order to make good circuit board, circuit boards, PCB factory, aluminum plate, high-frequency boards, PCB, etc.
The typical relationship bonding pad diameter and maximum conductor width:
Bonding pad diameter (inches/Mil/mm) Wire width (inches/Mil/mm)
0040/ 40 /1.015 0015/ 15 /0.38
0050/ 50 /1.27 0020/ 20 /0.5
0062/ 62 /1.57 0025/ 25 /0.63
0075/ 75 /1.9 0025/ 25 /0.63
0086/ 86 /2.18 0040/ 40 /1.01
0100/100/2.54 0040/ 40 /1.01
0125/125/3.17 0050/ 50 /1.27
0150/150/3.81 0075/ 75 /1.9
0175/175/4.44 0100/100/2.54
Production problems
Design review, including the following checklist about all aspects of the design cycle and for special: application should add some other projects.
1) circuit analysis have no? In order to smooth the signal circuit is divided into basic units have no?
2) allowed the use of short circuit or isolated from the key to lead?
3) must be shielded, effectively blocked?
4) make full use of the basic grid pattern?
5) whether the size of the PCB is the best size?
6) as far as possible use selected conductor width and spacing?
7) whether to adopt the optimization of welding plate size and the size of the hole?
8) Photoplate and diagram is appropriate?
9) use the jumper is the least? Jumper to through the components and accessories?
10) letter visible after assembly? The size and model correct?
11) in order to prevent foaming, a large area of copper foil to open the window?
12) have a tool positioning hole?
Protel99 making PCB when the meaning of each layer is introduced
Protel99 and the PCB production the meaning of each layer is introduced: the toplayer - top wiring bottomlayer - the underlying wiring layer go line with electrical properties. Attachment is connect the components on PCB pin. Mechanical - mechanical layer is to define the appearance of the PCB.
Toplayer -- -- -- the top wiring layer
Bottomlayer -- -- -- the underlying wiring layer
Walk line with electrical properties. Attachment is connect the components on PCB pin.
Mechanical -- -- -- mechanical layer
Is to define the appearance of the PCB, actually we are talking is refers to the entire PCB mechanical layer the shape of the structure.
Keepoutlayer -- -- -- forbid wiring layer
Ban wiring layer is to define the boundaries when we are in the electrical characteristics of copper, that is to say, we first define the ban after wiring layer, we in the later in the process of wiring, the cloth line is not possible with electrical properties beyond the boundary of the wiring layer is prohibited.
Topoverlay -- -- -- the top screen printing layer
Bottomoverlay -- -- -- the bottom screen printing layer
Define the top and the bottom of the screen printing characters, is generally what we see on the PCB components number and some characters.
Toppaste -- -- -- the top solder layer
Bottompaste -- -- -- the bottom solder layer
The top and bottom solder layer, it means we can see the patch element bonding pad.
Topsolder -- -- -- the top solder resist layer
Bottomsolder -- -- --the bottom resistance welding layer
Because the PCB is to default on green oil, draw a line with the two layers of place will open a "skylight", not on the green oil. Where some need large current flow can be used, in order to add solder.
Multilaye this actually and mechanical layer about, as the name implies, this means all PCB layer.
