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Description
POWER SUPPLY MODULE USING LM7805
5th PCB Design Contest
LM7805 Power Supply
Date- 28th December 2022 Submission By- Rashmi Singh
Introduction
A linear regulator with just a fixed voltage output is the LM7805. When a voltage larger than the specified output voltage is connected to the regulator's input, linear regulation takes place. Until the output voltage reaches the desired level, heat is produced by the regulator. Although this is incredibly inefficient, losses are reduced when the input voltage is maintained as low as possible.
Working Principle
Decoupling capacitors are added to the regulator's input and output to provide stability (defined as a 5V output without ripple or oscillation). These capacitors can be compared to tiny local batteries with excellent charging and discharging capabilities. This trait is crucial when, for instance, the circuitry we're powering, or the voltage regulator is suddenly in high demand. It may merely utilise these little perfect batteries rather than sourcing them through wires and other devices all the way at the voltage source.
Capacitor Values
Since it's not a precise science, we don't truly compute the values of these capacitors. The input cap should always be larger than the output cap as a general rule. A limit of 100uF is required when discussing "decoupling" and "tiny" as well. For this reason, it's wise to supply 100uF ceramic capacitors on hand.
As a general rule, the input capacitor can be 5 times or more. Therefore, a 470uF electrolytic will do. However, since decoupling capacitors also have the excellent ability to filter out power supply ripple, this shouldn't be the norm.
Figure: Schematic diagram for “Power supply module using LM7805.”
Ridiculous input ripple filtering
To power our devices, we need a DC voltage that is as flat as feasible. The functioning of the circuitry will be impacted the instant there are even minute pieces of AC or ripple in this DC. We short the capacitors to the ground to filter out this unpleasant AC (because AC thinks capacitors are just wires). The decoupling needs to be heavier the more dangerous the AC is (i.e., has a large amplitude). Please take note that our attention is currently on the 7805's input decoupling. Because they frequently have little ripple, the 7805 is only interesting when it is powered by a mains adaptor. This can be a conventional 50/60, 100/120Hz ripple or if the mains adapter employs switching technology, a few kilohertz.
The size of the capacitors employed increases as more filtering is required. So, if you require a 100uF electrolytic capacitor at the input, don't be afraid because that is also rather usual. Thankfully, the LM7805 also contains a feature known as ripple rejection. This implies that the regulator will try its best to filter ripple out of the input voltage so that it doesn't show up at the output voltage that has been stabilized.
Output side protection when the reverse voltage is applied
In very unusual circumstances, the regulator's output voltage may exceed its input voltage. For instance, the output capacitors are all still charged to 5V despite the input not having a voltage source connected. The regulator may be harmed by this circumstance.
To correct this, we add an additional diode (which might also be a 1N58XX Schottky) from the regulator's output to the input. The regulator is protected, and all capacitors have a means to safely discharge when this scenario happens.
Code
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Power_Supply_Module.zip
Dec 28,2022
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POWER SUPPLY MODULE USING LM7805
In the project, I am implying LM7805 and other components like capacitor(s), diode(s), etc., to design a PCB layout consisting of the same.
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Published: Dec 28,2022
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