Graphics Gremlin HDMI by Yeo Kheng Meng (yeokm1)

This is a modified version of the Graphics Gremlin ISA CGA/MDA graphics card to include a HDMI port. This is still based on the same Lattice ICE40HX4K FPGA.

The latest revision now displays CGA colour 6 brown correctly. Since this project builds on the original project, it carries over some emulation inaccuracies in demos like 8088MPH and other applications.

Top view of board

Left is the original Graphics Gremlin, right is my modified design.

Demo videos

Bootup and CGA compatibility tester (Brown fixed): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ap-goSkkSUI

Bootup and CGA compatibility tester (Deprecated): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xLy6on_o4YM

8088MPH: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WLpNmEhdTe4

Area5150 (using CGA overscan): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9wYU6qMWlpE

My talk on this project: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r_GiEIe_oZk

Changes from original project

Hardware changes

Added HDMI port by removing the RGBI DE9 port. Port positions adjusted to ease trace routing.

Added TI TFP410 DVI transmitter (HDMI is compatible with DVI). HDMI is independent of the VGA/Composite output.

Test points for inputs to DVI transmitter.

Replaced the 3.3VDC 1A linear regulator with 3A as TFP410 is power hungry at up to 1A.

Added pin headers for power.

Added LED power indicators for 5V and 3.3V.

2-layer -> 4-layer board to ease routing.

HDL code changes

Selectable MDA colours (HDMI only)

Removed normal MDA bitstream as there is no more RGBI port.

Added CGA 70Hz mode.

Added CGA 60Hz overscan mode for demo and debug purposes.

Modified Scandoubler code to support Display Enable signal as required by DVI chip but not VGA.

Readme of the original Graphics Gremlin project can be found here.

How to replicate this board and use it?

Fabrication guidelines

Flashing FPGA bitstream

Testing the board

Usage guide below:

Switches position

Switches 1 and 2 for MDA

These colours are applicable for the HDMI section only.

1 2 MDA colour open open Green open closed Yellow closed open White closed closed Red

Sample of the different colours when testing the card on my 486 PC.

Switches 1 and 2 for CGA

Switch CGA 1 closed=composite mode. open=VGA mode 2 closed=thin font. open=normal font Note that VGA and Composite cannot be used simultaneously. No change from original Graphics Gremlin. HDMI will work on all modes.

Switches 3 and 4

3 4 Bitstream Function open open Bitstream 0 MDA 70Hz open closed Bitstream 1 CGA 70Hz closed open Bitstream 2 CGA 60Hz closed closed Bitstream 3 CGA 60Hz with overscan CGA 60 and 70Hz

After internal scandoubling, the CGA 60Hz will produce a 640x400x60Hz output suitable for most VGA monitors. While this works for the HDMI LCD monitors I have tested, it is technically below the DVI specification of a minimum of 640x480x60Hz and 25.175Mhz pixel clock.

To meet the specification in case some monitors insist, I have added another mode CGA 70Hz which will produce 640x400 at 70Hz. (Actually 71Hz due to precision limitations of clock multiplying) This 70Hz is however not compatible with composite displays including the one inside IBM5155.

CGA 60Hz with overscan

The CGA overscan bitstream will show the overscan sections beyond the usual display area just short of Hsync and Vsync. Overscan is used in some demos like Area 5150. However not all HDMI monitors can accept this signal and/or display this properly.

I notice that while a monitor may initially accept this mode, tendency is it will randomly throw you display errors later.

The purpose of this mode is just for debug and demo purposes.

Development info

Directory structure

|-- fab: Gerbers, BOM and PDF schematic

|-- images: Images used in this repo

|-- isa-video: Kicad Design files

|-- verilog: Updated Verilog code to support HDMI

|-- vga_display_status: Vivado project to process ICE40 FPGA output to DVI transmiter that runs on my Mimas A7 FPGA board.

|-- 3d-bracket: Step and STL file for a 3D-printable bracket

Verilog Toolchain

To compile the project, I used the following open source tool-chain on my Ubuntu running on WSL on Windows 11.

sudo apt install libftdi-dev cmake

sudo apt install build-essential libboost-system-dev libboost-thread-dev libboost-program-options-dev libboost-test-dev libboost-filesystem-dev libboost-iostreams-dev libeigen3-dev

sudo apt install tclsh clang tcl-dev libreadline-dev bison flex

# Icestorm

git clone https://github.com/YosysHQ/icestorm.git icestorm

cd icestorm

make -j$(nproc)

sudo make install

cd ..

# NextPNR

git clone https://github.com/YosysHQ/nextpnr nextpnr

cd nextpnr

cmake -DARCH=ice40 -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local .

make -j$(nproc)

sudo make install

cd ..

# Yosys

git clone https://github.com/YosysHQ/yosys.git yosys

cd yosys

make -j$(nproc)

sudo make install

To program the bitstream to the board, I used iceprog -p from OSS CAD Suite. Follow the flash instructions.

Code compilation

In my Ubuntu WSL:

cd verilog

mkdir build

make

# Program my provided bitstream

iceprog -p isavideo.binm

# Program newly compiled bitstream

iceprog -p build/isavideo.binm

Special handling for brown colour

The PCB and code treats the palette value "I:0 R:1 G:1 B:0" specially to produce a brown instead of dark yellow as per the CGA standard.

// video[1] is the original green value

assign hdmi_grn = video[1] ^ (hdmi_red & video[1] & (hdmi_blu ^ 1) & (hdmi_int ^ 1));

assign hdmi_grn_int = hdmi_int ^ (hdmi_red & video[1] & (hdmi_blu ^ 1) & (hdmi_int ^ 1));

This is done using the above boolean logic to lower the green value by using the dedicated hdmi_green_int pin. This logic is provided by @spbnick.

My IBM 5155 running the CGA Compatibility Tester displaying the colour palatte.

Testing with Mimas A7 (Xilinx Artix 7)

As part of my testing, I also made a small FPGA test project using another FPGA board Mimas A7 based on the Xilinx Artix 7.

The FPGA test board reads the raw RGBI, HS, VS, DE and CLK signals that are given to the DVI transmitter and displays the output using its own HDMI output.

The code is heavily based on the HDMI_FPGA project by Dominic Meads and runs on Vivado 2023.